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<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">在现代英语研究中,定语从句的功能和汉译历来是英语学者认真研究和探讨的一个课题。根据我国传统的翻译理论“相似”和西方翻译理论“对等”的原则,英语的定语从句理应翻译成汉语的定语从句。但是实际情况却不是这样的,在非法律文本中大量的英语定语从句在翻译为汉语时,常转换为状语从句。对于英语中具有状语职能的定语从句,我们应当从原文的上下文或字里行间发现其与主句的逻辑关系,并进行理解。具体地说,理解原文文意时,可根据句子在全文中的语义功能理解为表示原因、结果、目的、让步、条件、时间、地点等的状语从句。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 28.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: widow-orphan\" align=\"left\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\">问题就出在这个定语从句中:<span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></span></b></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: widow-orphan\" align=\"left\"><u style=\"text-underline: red\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\">that</span></u><u style=\"text-underline: red\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\">(主语,关系代词</span></u><u style=\"text-underline: red\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\">that</span></u><u style=\"text-underline: red\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\">在从句中做主语<span lang=\"EN-US\">,)</span></span></u><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\"> </span><u style=\"text-underline: red double\">are effective</u></span><u style=\"text-underline: red double\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\">(复合谓语,由联系动词</span></u><u style=\"text-underline: red double\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\">be</span></u><u style=\"text-underline: red double\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\">和表语构成复合谓语)</span></u><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\">, <u style=\"text-underline: blue dotted\">inter alia</u></span><u style=\"text-underline: blue dotted\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\">(插入语<span lang=\"EN-US\">.来源拉丁语,作强调用)</span></span></u><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\">, <u style=\"text-underline: blue dotted\">in preventing corruption</u></span><u style=\"text-underline: blue dotted\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\">(</span></u><u style=\"text-underline: blue dotted\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\">介词短语作状语</span></u><u style=\"text-underline: blue dotted\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\">)</span></u><u style=\"text-underline: blue dotted\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\">.</span></u><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\"> </span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: widow-orphan\" align=\"left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\">1</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\">、从</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\">12</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\">楼</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\">Laochan</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\">详尽的分析看,这个定语从句确实是</span><u style=\"text-underline: red\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\">修饰先行词</span></u><u style=\"text-underline: blue wave\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana\">systems</span></u><u style=\"text-underline: blue wave\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana\">的。</span></u><u style=\"text-underline: blue wave\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana\"></span></u></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: widow-orphan\" align=\"left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2</font></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">、但是,英语的定语从句与汉语中的定语还有一个不同的地方,那就是,英语中有些定语从句和主句关系不密切,它<span style=\"COLOR: red\">从语法上看是修饰定语从句的先行词的,但实际上限定作用不强,而是修饰主句的谓语或全句的,起状语作用。</span>也就是说</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">这个定语从句兼有状语从句的职能,在意义上与主句有状语关系,表明目的关系。在这种情况下要准确理解英语原文,必须先弄清楚逻辑关系。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt\"></span></p><p /><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: widow-orphan\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">例:</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: widow-orphan\" align=\"left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">(1)He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument.</font></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: widow-orphan\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\">直译:</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\">他正在收集证明他观点的</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">确凿的材料。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: widow-orphan\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">意译或人们理解可以这样:<span style=\"COLOR: blue\">为了证明他的论点,他正在收集确凿的材料以。</span></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: widow-orphan\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"><span style=\"COLOR: blue\"><font color=\"#000000\">(2) Steel parts are usually covered with grease, with which they may not rust.<br /> 钢零件通常用润滑油覆盖,以免生锈。</font><br /> 句中由with which引导的定语从句可以理解为目的状语从句:lest they may rust。</span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">3</font></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">、从另一方面,语法知识又告诉我们,<span style=\"COLOR: blue\">带逗号的关系从句(非限定性从句),</span>似乎如</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">11</font></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">楼所理解的那样,他们提供补充信息,整句可以略去而不影响主句意思的完整。与<span style=\"COLOR: blue\">不带逗号的从句(限定性从句)</span>性质不一样,不能略去,他们提供宾语的重要信息。当然引导词</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">that</font></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">似乎又带给人们新的困惑,那么这个从句还是定语从句吗?</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></p><p /><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"> </font></p><p /><p><font face=\"宋体\">——老汉水平有限,不知道理解得对不对?还望批评指正。</font></p> |
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