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中国招标存在的基本问题

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发表于 2006-12-30 12:43:40 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 26pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋">中国招标存在的基本问题<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28&#46;9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;92"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23&#46;05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;92"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">中国招标存在许许多多问题,小到招标文件的编制,大到法律之间的冲突。那么,中国招标存在的基本问题是什么呢?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28&#46;9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;92"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">           </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><p /></font></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋">中国招标存在的基本问题之一:招标作用扩大化<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;92"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;92"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">只要再多走一小步,仿佛是向同一方向迈的一小步,真理就会变成错误。——列宁</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;92"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23&#46;05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;92"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">如所周知,招标是一种采购方式,是一种有组织的市场交易行为,是一种货物、工程和服务的买卖方法。招标是招标人选择最适用、最合理的供货商、承建商和服务商的一种手段,招标的过程是选择的过程。但是,中国的招标不仅仅是一种采购方式,它被机械地纳入政府管理的程序中,是政府行政管理的一种手段和方法。于是,下列现象出现了:<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23&#46;05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;92"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">.政府各管理部门各自为政,争夺招标管理权。关于招标的行政法规漫天飞。更有甚者,置《招标投标法》于不顾。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23&#46;05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;92"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">本来,就招标投标而言,一部《招标投标法》就足够了。可如今,两法冲突,行政法规纵横交错,招标人投标人无所适从。天天讲和谐,法规都如此,又哪来和谐可言!<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23&#46;05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;92"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">.凡采购,必招标,而且是公开招标。从土地到信封,都要公开招标。采购有多种方式,每一种采购方式都有其适用性。公开招标有许多优越性,但与其它采购方式相比,它毕竟是一种高成本、费时的采购方式。在选择公开招标前,我们应该有一个“可招性”论证。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23&#46;05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;92"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">.由于招标的滥用,特别是滥用公开招标,无论是对招标人还是对投标人都已造成不良的影响。招标人难以树立“招标是好的采购方式”的理念;投标人也不再认为“投标是有益的竞争机会。”招标已不再是招标人的自觉行为,而是一种无奈的被迫行为——这是中国招标的悲哀!<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23&#46;05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;92"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">当今,中国招标出现的种种怪事,是怪而不怪,是必然的。因为,中国的招标被扭曲了!一个错误的认识,不可能产生正确的结果。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23&#46;05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;92"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">招标作用被扩大的另一种表现是,认为招标是防止商业贿赂和腐败的利器。商业贿赂和腐败已在神州大地泛滥成灾,如洪水猛兽。一种采购方式真能防止贿赂和腐败吗?实际上,这种错误的认识已导致如下的后果:<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23&#46;05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;92"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">.认为招标是防止贿赂和腐败的利器,从而使人们的思想放松了对贿赂和腐败的警惕性;<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23&#46;05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;92"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">.在接受监督检查时,说一句:“我是通过招标的”,就可能免于检查。即使查出问题,也可以推卸到评标委员会身上。实际上,招标已成为贿赂和腐败的保护伞;<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23&#46;05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;92"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">.认为招标是防止贿赂和腐败的利器,所以,不管什么采购,都采用公开招标。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23&#46;05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;92"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">我们注意到,世界银行的《采购指南》和招标文件范本中,写入了有关防止贿赂和腐败的条款。这正好说明,招标过程中是容易产生贿赂和腐败的,招标本身并非是防止贿赂和腐败的利器。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;92"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">招标仅仅是一种采购方式。我们不能赋予招标太多的使命!</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;92"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></b></p>
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发表于 2006-12-30 12:45:26 |只看该作者
<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center\" align=\"center\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋\">中国招标存在的基本问题之二:投资与决策分离<span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></span></b></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31&#46;6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></b><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31&#46;6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">进一步确立企业的投资主体地位,实行谁投资、谁决策、谁收益、谁承担风险。——中国共产</span></b><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">党十六届三中全会决定</span></b><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></b></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan\" align=\"left\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></b><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23&#46;05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;92\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">中国招标存在的另一个问题是,投资与决策的分离。所谓“投资与决策的分离”,系指作为投资者的招标人在招标中被剥夺了定标决策权,即,投资者与决策者不是同一个人,投资与决策分离。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28&#46;8pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;92\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体\">一、</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">招标人在招标过程中的主体地位是享有定标决策权</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">投资项目一般都有采购内容。采购是企业投资决策过程中的一个重要环节。企业享有采购决策权(即,招标人招标采购时的定标决策权)是体现企业(招标人)享有投资主体地位的重要内容。<span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">党的十六届三中全会决定中明确指出,</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">“进一步确立企业的投资主体地位,实行谁投资、谁决策、谁收益、谁承担风险。”</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">《</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">国务院关于投资体制改革的决定》(</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">国发</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">[2004]20</font></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">号)中也明确规定:</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">“深化投资体制改革的指导思想是:按照完善社会主义市场经济体制的要求,在国家宏观调控下充分发挥市场配置资源的基础性作用,</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">确立企业在投资活动中的主体地位,</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">……”</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"><br /></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">  </span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">“深化投资体制改革的目标是:改革政府对企业投资的管理制度,</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">按照“谁投资、谁决策、谁收益、谁承担风险”的原则,落实企业投资自主权;</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">……”</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">“各地区、各部门要相应改进管理办法,规范管理行为,不得以任何名义截留下放给企业的投资决策权利。”</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"><br /><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">  </span></span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\"> </span><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\"> </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">如果剥夺企业(招标人)的采购决策权(定标决策权)显然是与党的十六届三中全会的决定相违背的,也不符合</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">《</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">国务院关于投资体制改革的决定》。让那个临时组建的评标委员会来定标,显然有</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">“</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">截留下放给企业的投资决策权利”</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">的嫌疑。<span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">如果不给投资的招标人在招标中的定标决策权,招标人就无法承担投资风险,招标人就可以推卸承担风险。<span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">因此,我们应该明确招标人在招标中的定标决策权。只有这样,招标人就不能推卸承担投资的风险,招标人在定标时就会谨慎从事。<span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold\"></span></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">一旦明确并充分给予招标人在招标过程中的定标权,招标人规避招标的现象也就会大大减少。<span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 33&#46;75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">二、《招标投标法》曾赋予招标人定标决策权<span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">由谁来确定中标人,即,定标决策权归谁?《招标投标法》的规定本来是十分明确的:</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">“招标人根据评标委员会提出的书面评标报告和推荐的中标候选人确定中标人。招标人<span style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold\">也</span>可以授权评标委员会直接确定中标人。</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">”</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">《招标投标法》的上述规定清清楚楚地表明,由招标人确定中标人,即,定标决策权归招标人。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">但是,中国的各种招标投标《管理办法》</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">/</font></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">《实施办法》都或多或少地偏离了上述规定。在法律上应该享有定标决策权的招标人却没有定标决策权;在法律上不能享有定标决策权的评标委员会却拥有定标决策权。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">由于《管理办法》</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">/</font></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">《实施办法》的这种偏离,导致了下列现象时有发生:</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1</font></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">.招标人担心采购不到满意的采购对象,规避招标。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2</font></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">.招标人作为投资者,且没有定标决策权,有怨气,与招标机构不予配合,甚至给招标制造种种障碍。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">3</font></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">.招标人为了能让意中人中标,排斥其他潜在投标人,致使其他潜在投标人不来投标。于是,为满足</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">3</font></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">家投标人,“陪标”现象屡屡出现。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">请大家注意,《招标投标法》规定,</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">“招标人<span style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold\">也</span>可以授权评标委员会直接确定中标人。”</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\"> </span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">这个规定中的</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">“也”</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">字可以</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">说明:</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">1</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">.招标人通常是不授权评标委员会直接确定中标人的,而是由招标人自己确定中标人的。<span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">2</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">.如果评标委员会直接确定中标人,必须有招标人的授权。没有招标人的授权,评标委员会无权直接确定中标人。<span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">3</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">.招标人可以授权评标委员会直接确定中标人;<span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">4</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">.本规定充分体现了招标人在招标活动中的主体地位。招标人在招标活动中的主体地位是不容侵犯的。<span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">5</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">.招标人是否委托评标委员会直接确定中标人,是招标人的权利,应该由招标人自主决定。任何部门都无权强迫招标人委托评标委员会直接确定中标人,更无权在招标人没有授权的情况下,强制由评标委员会直接确定中标人。<span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 33&#46;75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">三、评标委员会不能承担民事责任和刑事责任<span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">评标委员会在招标投标活动中的法律地位和作用是什么?</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27&#46;1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1</font></span></b><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">.评标委员会由招标人</span></b><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">/</font></span></b><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">招标机构组建,是一个临时工作小组</span></b><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></b></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">依据《中华人民共和国民法通则》,只有自然人和法人</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">才具有民事权利能力和民事行为能力。评标委员会是由招标人<span lang=\"EN-US\">/</span>招标机构组建的一个临时工作小组,既不是自然人,也不是法人。因而,评标委员会不具有民事权利能力和民事行为能力,即,既不能承担民事责任,也不能承担刑事责任。<span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27&#46;1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">2</span></b><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">.评标委员会是“<span style=\"COLOR: red\">评</span>”标委员会,不是“<span style=\"COLOR: red\">定</span>”标委员会<span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></span></b></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">“评”,是评估</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">/</font></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">评议</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">/</font></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">评审、分析、比较。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">《</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma\">招标投标法》</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">第三十七条</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma\">规定,</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"> </span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">“评标由招标人依法组建的评标委员会负责。”</span></b><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">这里对评标委员会的工作内容作了明确的规定,即,评标委员会负责对投标进行评估<span lang=\"EN-US\">/</span>评议<span lang=\"EN-US\">/</span>评审、分析、比较。<span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">《招标投标法》没有给评标委员会定标的权利。《招标投标法》规定,</span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">“评标委员会完成评标后,应当向招标人提出书面评标报告,并推荐合格的中标候选人。”</span></b><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">这里明确规定,评标委员会只有“推荐”中标人的权利,而且,必须推荐“合格的”中标人。既然是“候选人”,其人数应该大于<span lang=\"EN-US\">1</span>。评标委员会可以对候选人排序,以供招标人<span lang=\"EN-US\">/</span>招标机构定标时参考。<span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27&#46;1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">3</span></b><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">.评标委员会对招标人<span lang=\"EN-US\">/</span>招标机构负责<span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></span></b></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">评标委员会是由招标人<span lang=\"EN-US\">/</span>招标机构组建的,是协助招标人<span lang=\"EN-US\">/</span>招标机构评标的,评标委员会理应对招标人<span lang=\"EN-US\">/</span>招标机构负责。《招标投标法》规定,</span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">“评标委员会完成评标后,应当向招标人提出书面评标报告,……” </span></b><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">请注意,是“书面”“报告”,是向招标人<span lang=\"EN-US\">/</span>招标机构提出。对谁负责,就向谁报告。<span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27&#46;1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">4</span></b><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">.没有招标人<span lang=\"EN-US\">/</span>招标机构的授权,评标委员会无权定标<span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></span></b></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">《招标投标法》规定,</span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">“招标人也可以授权评标委员会直接确定中标人。”</span></b><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">这就是说,没有招标人<span lang=\"EN-US\">/</span>招标机构的授权,评标委员会无权定标。<span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27&#46;1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">5</span></b><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">.评标委员会是招标人<span lang=\"EN-US\">/</span>招标机构的决策参谋,是咨询小组<span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></span></b></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;0\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">《招标投标法》规定,</span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">“评标委员会由招标人的代表和有关技术、经济等方面的专家组成。”</span></b><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">因此,评标委员会是一个知识型的、咨询型的临时工作小组,是招标人<span lang=\"EN-US\">/</span>招标机构的决策参谋。因而,评标委员会的评标报告是参考性的,而非决策性的。<span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27&#46;1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">6</font></span></b><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">.要分清评标委员会和评标委员会成员</span></b><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></b></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20&#46;5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;71\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">评标委员会成员和评标委员会不是一个概念。评标委员会成员是自然人,</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">必须对自己的行为承担法律责任。评标委员会成员要有职业道德,要公平公正地依法进行评标。《招标投标法》对评标委员会成员的法律责任规定得非常明确。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20&#46;6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;71\" align=\"left\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">7</font></span></b><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">.评标委员会(成员)的抗腐败能力低于招标人</span></b><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></b></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">为什么?原因非常简单:因为招标人是投资者,是投资风险的承担者。一个承担风险的投资者,他的抗腐败能力难道不如一个对投资不承担风险的其他人(例如,招标机构、评委等)吗?不管投资者的资金性质是什么,投资者对他使用的资金总是要负责的。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">由于给了评标委员会定标的权利,投标人出于商业的需要,千方百计地想获取评标委员会成员的信息,并可能实施商业贿赂。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">由于评标委员会(成员)的抗腐败能力要低于招标人。于是,戏剧性的场面出现了:</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">在开标前的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">30</font></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">分钟,方可抽取评标委员会成员;</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">对评委严加防范,收缴手机,与外界割断任何联系;</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">评委一人一个位置,像高考一样,不得交头接耳;</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">评标现场戒备森严,至少也有橙色级别;</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">……。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"></span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27&#46;1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"></span></span></b></p><p /></p><p> </p></p><p> </p>
老朽的邮箱: laochan2006@163.com 钱忠宝
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板凳
发表于 2006-12-30 12:46:17 |只看该作者
<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 33&#46;75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">四、科学、合理、合法地让定标决策权</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">“三足鼎立”</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"> </span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">为了维护《中华人民共和国招标投标法》的尊严和中国招标的健康发展,结合中国招标的现状,特郑重建议,让定标权“三足鼎立”。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"> </span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">具体办法如下:</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"> </span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1</font></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">.“三足”为:招标人、评标委员会和行政监管部门。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"> </span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2</font></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">.定标权分配方案设计为:</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"> </span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">①</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">评标委员会按照招标文件的规定进行评标,评出中标候选人。中标候选人为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2</font></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">-</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">3</font></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">人,必须对候选人的优缺点应有详细的分析和评估。可以排序,也可以不排序。如果招标人要求排序,就必须排序。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"> </span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">②</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">一般情况下,招标人在候选人中确定中标人,并尽可能地按照排序选择。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"> </span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">③</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">招标人也可以要求在候选人以外的投标人中确定中标人,但是,要向行政监管部门提出书面申请,并应有充分的理由。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"> </span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">④</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">行政监管部门在收到招标人的书面申请后,作出是否允许在候选人以外确定中标人的裁决。行政监管部门没有裁决能力的,可以授权招标投标协会等组织予以裁决。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"> </span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">⑤</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">招标人<span style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold\">也</span>可以授权评标委员会直接确定中标人。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"> </span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">3</font></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">.上述</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">5</font></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \">条是一个完整的方案。该方案使定标权“三足鼎立”,三方相互制约,三方的定标权都是相对有限的。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\"> </span></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27&#46;1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;25\" align=\"left\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体\">让我们回归《招标投标法》,让招标人享有应该享有的定标决策权。只有这样,招标才能成为企业自觉采用的一种采购方式。当招标成为企业自觉采用的一种采购方式时,中国招标的春天来临了!</span></b></p>
老朽的邮箱: laochan2006@163.com 钱忠宝
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地板
发表于 2006-12-30 12:54:30 |只看该作者
<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center\" align=\"center\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 36pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体\"><font size=\"6\"><font color=\"#1111ee\">别拿豆包不当干粮<span lang=\"EN-US\"><p /></span></font></font></span></b></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center\" align=\"center\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 36pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体\"><font size=\"6\"><font color=\"#f70909\">别拿招标不当采购<span lang=\"EN-US\"><p /></span></font></font></span></b></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\" /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\"></font></p></span> </p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p> </p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; mso-hansi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'\">如所周知,招标是一种采购方式,招标是采购。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%\"><p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; mso-hansi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'\">可如今,不把招标当采购。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%\"><p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center\" align=\"center\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">Laochan </font></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; mso-hansi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'\">在此再次大声疾呼:别拿招标不当采购</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; mso-hansi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'\">!</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; mso-hansi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'\"><font color=\"#f70909\">(详细论述见《中国招标存在的基本问题》)</font></span></p>
老朽的邮箱: laochan2006@163.com 钱忠宝
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侠客

5#
发表于 2006-12-30 13:41:35 |只看该作者
钱老师作为一名游戏规则的制定者,从大局观的高度阐明自己的观点,确实非吾辈所能及。
钱老的文章一定要顶,不断学习中 [s:4]
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天使

6#
发表于 2007-1-1 00:26:41 |只看该作者
  呵呵,写的不错,可国际招标网专家库早该整理了.这可是招标活动中的一个重要部分呀.
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精灵王

7#
发表于 2007-1-1 19:44:46 |只看该作者
钱老您好,我是刚入行的,希望在这里能学到更多的知识,让我在这个行业更快的成长起来,也希望能跟您成为朋友,向您多多学习。谢谢您发表的文章!
[fly][glow=298,black,39]說到吥如做到,要做就做更好,祝大家步步高![/glow][/fly] Mobile:1315952214X Progress 1%/Day !
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8#
发表于 2007-1-18 16:08:58 |只看该作者
好文章!
具有较高水平的前沿性的理论内容.....
从中学到和增长了许多知识
谢谢老师!!
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9#
发表于 2007-1-18 21:07:58 |只看该作者
就因为是刚开始接触招投标,所以楼主写的内容对于我也只限于书面上的知识。先记在脑中。
有待于以后现实中的亲身体验,到时候估计能真正读懂楼主的文章。。。
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10#
发表于 2007-3-13 16:29:39 |只看该作者
在中国采购与招标网的BBS上面,不知何人转发了laochan的文章《中国招标存在的基本问题》部分内容。有一网友提出了不同的看法,参见下面转载的内容。

【首先是招标法是现行有效的中国法律,对于法律,公民只有遵守。专门挑招标法的弊端一点实际意义也没有,对于法律的滞后性加以修改,不是公民这一个层次的义务,我们只有适应并执行招标法,“理解的执行,不理解的也必须执行”。】

这个说法对不对?为什么说它“对“或者“不对”?

laochan为什么要研究招标的“基本问题”?有什么实际的意义?

作为一名普通的招标投标工作人员,需要不需要考虑这样的个人力量不可能解决的大问题?用一句老话:?要不要只管“埋头拉车”,还是也要“抬头看路”?

请大家讨论;也请laochan赐教。

原文如下:

【作者:guest
题目:不同看法:
MAIL:guest

作者-钱忠宝的上面论述本人有不同看法;首先是招标法是现行有效的中国法律,对于法律,公民只有遵守。专门挑招标法的弊端一点实际意义也没有,对于法律的滞后性加以修改,不是公民这一个层次的义务,我们只有适应并执行招标法,“理解的执行,不理解的也必须执行”。

招标法必须有相关配套法规来完善,比如招标法规定:依法招标的项目执行招标法,但是并没有指明什么是“依法招标的项目”,随后计委3号令就规定出招标范围和规模标准。

招标法规定,在国有体制的我国招标就是强制性的,而不是自愿性的。等。

作者:招标老陈    2007-03-07 10:25:57 
http://www.chinabidding.com.cn/z ... ic.jsp?topicid=6739
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